Basic Elements For Construction, Brief Description

Introduction 

For do any Type of Construction the Basic Elements are Brick, Sand, Cement, Rod, Wood, Rubber Seal, Paint.

BRICK

TYPES OF BRICK CONSIDERING USE:

1. LOAD BEARING WALL
2. PARTITION WALL
3. INSULATION WALL
4. COVERING WALL

TYPES OF BRICKS CONSIDERING QUALITY:

1. FIRST CLASS BRICK
2. SECOND CLASS BRICK
3. THIRD CLASS BRICK
4. JHAMA BRICK

STANDARD SIZE OF BRICK:-

Size of Brick

                             
ADVANTAGES OF USING BRICK:

BRICK DO NOT
1. BURNT, BUCKLE, DENT, OR MELT
2. ROT OR ALLOW TO TERMITES INVADE

3. RUST OR CORRODE
4. FADE DUE TO UV RAY OF SUN
5. GET DAMAGED BY HIGH WIND , RAIN OR HAIL
6. NEED CONSTANT MAINTENANCE


PROPERTIES OF BRICKS:



                                                  Brick Proper


   1    HARDNESS AND SOUNDNESS
       - Not possible to scratch by finger nail.
       - Metallic sound when tow bricks are struct together

  2  DURABILITY
      - Should withstand action against of  sun, rain, wind......etc

 3    FIRE RESISTANCE
     - Should be to withstand a temperature up to 816 degree C

4    STRENGTH     - Should not break if drop from a height of 1.25M
     - Compressive strength 70 N/mm2 to 50 n/mm2

5    WATER ABSORPTION
     - Should not absorb more than 20% of water by weight  when sunk in for 24hrs.

6    EFFLORESCENCE
     - Should contain alkaline salts which causes efflorescence.


TEST ON BRICK:
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

                                                            Compressive Strength Test
SAND
Sand is used as Fine aggregate in binding mixtures like concrete, mortar etc...

Sand is of various Type Such as:-
Pit sand
- Found by digging
- Normally thy are smooth , sharp and mineral free
- Mostly used in mortar.

River Sand
- Found  at river side
- Thin and round
- finer than pit sand
- Mostly used in plaster

Sea Sand
- Found at sea shore
- Similar to river sand but contain minerals

Sylhet sand
- larger in size hence used in concrete

Testing of sand:-
Cone Test


                 Sieve Test



Cement:-
cement is binding material that bind the aggregates and the reinforcement together
Various type of cement available in the market.

Normal Portland Cement
     - Clinker 97%, Gypsum 3%

White Cement
      - ASTM Code C 150-92

Fly Ash Cement
      -Clinker 85%, Fly Ash 12%, Gypsum 3%

Blast Furnace Slag Cement
        -Clinker 70%, Blast Furnace 25%, Gypsum 5%











Steel Bar:-

Tensile strength test

Wood:-

Rubber seal:-

Rubber seal